Bel Air Chair

Bel Air Chair Peter Shire has many interesting works of art. The artwork that stuck out to me was the Bel Air Chair. Its interesting physic really caught my eye. The colors and shapes were so bright and different; it just jumped out at me. It was so unique and diverse from any of his other artwork; I had never seen anything like it before. With further research I discovered that this amazing work of art was created in 1982. This chair was one of the most important contributions to a design group called Memphis.The chair became a signature object for the Memphis Collection and was used on many book covers and posters. Shire got a lot of his inspiration from Los Angeles while creating this piece of post modern art. To me, the main part of the chair is obviously the colors. The vibrancy and brightness are the first things that catch the eyes of admirers. He didn’t stick to one color. He used a dark, maroon, red color for the back of the chair as well as a green, yellow color for the cylindrical arm which establishes a contrast. He used an orange for the sphere on the back part of the chair.My favorite color of the chair was the semi-pastel green on the bottom front of the chair. This color, along with the semi-pastel pink, makes it look classy and elegant. The materials used on this chair were wool and cotton. It brings the sense of warmth and comfort that makes you want to sit and curl up on the chair. Its inviting with the look of its bigness and comfort that makes it more attractive. Being an art teacher’s daughter, i’m drawn to this type of colorful extravagant art. It brings a spice and jazzy look to art. This chair was made of many different geometric shapes and materials.A sphere was used for the bottom back of the chair to add some diversity to the chair and make it Peter Shire’s own creation. A cylinder was used for the arm rest which is only on one side of the chair which creates a distinct look while the other side of the cha ir is half of a cylinder which helps to create a sense of uniqueness. A square was used as the seat of the artwork which exaggerates the look of it being a chair. The back of the chair is a different and difficult shape to explain. This shape makes you think and really admire the artwork.Trying to figure out what kind of creative mind could come up with such an extraordinary work of art puzzles me. Peter Shires inspirations came from many different objects. The sphere was inspired by a beach ball which he had used for the bottom back of the chair. The best part about the chair is the part where you lay your back when you sit. He got his inspiration from a beach wave or even a shark fin. An interesting part of this work of art is that it was named after a five-star luxury hotel in Beverly Hills California. The title that is on the Bel Air Chair was taken from the hotel and placed on his piece.At first glance, the work of art is not perceived as wood. It looked like shiny plastic glaz ed in bright colors. With a closer look it was clear that it was wood. This extravagant work of art looked difficult to carve yet so perfected. His use of the variety of colors was complimenting both to the objects and the other colors. His chair has been duplicated into a special limited edition which is shown at museums all around. His work of art would have not nearly gained the popularity it accomplished if it weren’t for the colors. The pop of the chair made it a hit.

Learning and Memory.An introduction to theories of learning Essay

Learning and Memory Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cleaning the room is the target behaviour in Bobby’s case. Mr. Kelly tries to keep on reminding his eight year old child to clean his room but it is always in vain. Since Mr. Kelly needs help in increasing the frequency of his child cleaning his room it could be assumed that bobby is trained and knows how to clean his room. The possible reason as to why he keeps on refraining from this task is however unclear.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Operant conditioning is a method of learning that incorporates acquisition of behaviour and facing the consequences of the behaviour. In this type of learning rewards are given to the learner either to encourage or discourage future repetition of the same behaviour (Olson & Hergenhahn, 2013). Operant conditioning can be used to encourage Bobby in cleaning up his room. Through the various components of operant conditioning Mr. Kelly can apply to encourage Bobby clean his room. Operant conditioning has two major concepts, reinforcement and punishment, which could be used in different ways to encourage bobby to clean his room.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reinforcement involves using reward that would otherwise increase the chances of bobby cleaning his room more often. Mr. Kelly could use various rewards such as giving bobby time to watch T.V, buying little gifts that are issued each time bobby cleans his room. Such motivating factors will encourage bobby to clean up his room. Reinforcement is of two types, positive and negative reinforcement, both ways can be capitalised in changing the behaviour of bobby. In positive reinforcement for instance Mr. Kelly needs to look for items such as toys or bars of chocolate, preferably Mr. Kelly could choose some of the items bobby loves most and use them to reward bobby after cleaning the room.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Continuous use of negative reinforcement over a long period of time would lead to Bobby developing an attitude towards cleaning his room. Thus positive reinforcement could be applied. For reinforcement to be effective both method should be used concurrently. Fixed ratio schedule and variable ratio schedules can be used to implement and encourage bobby to always clean the room. Fixed ratio schedule will always reward bobby after a number of times he has cleaned the room. This method will give immediate positive responses from bobby but would be consuming for Mr. Kelly. Variable ratio schedule would award bobby after irregular intervals of response from him. This can be very effective to reinforce Bobby to clean the room because the reinforcement can come all through the first week and make the reluctance of cleaning the house an extinct behaviour.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I will apply the operant conditioning to account for Jackie’s development of the behaviour of phobia towards dogs. This is because the operant conditioning shows or explains why the organisms will acquire learned behaviour that they exhibit. The vital focus of operant conditioning is by use of reinforcements as punishments or reward so as to increase or decrease the likelihood of occurrence or repetition of certain behaviour (Staddon & Cerutti, 2003). In the case of Jackie, she received a negative reinforcement from the dog bite and hence the phobia towards dogs development. Also the stitches and the time that she spent on medication made her develop the negative attitude towards dogs. This is because, in operant conditioning, it is clear that continued use of negative reinforcement will lead to the victim developing an attitude towards that object or behaviour.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some of the behaviour modification that could be designed to help Jackie to overturn the phobia that she has with dogs could be: Jackie could first of all spend time with her spouse with a company the trained dogs. This will help Jackie to see that dogs were not wild and they always do not bite any time you had an encounter with them. This will somehow help her reverse the phobia she had towards dogs and also help her see the positive side of the dogs. She should also be allowed to spend time with the trained dogs with the dogs being guided by the trainer to remain lively, obedient and helpful to Jackie. This will act as a positive reinforcement towards Jackie’s behaviour. She will slowly by slowly start liking dogs and hence they will have a happy life with her partner thereafter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are two main principles of operant conditioning that are evident in the case of Emma. First by the parents trying to offer Emma some kind of reward, they are trying to positively reinforce the behaviour of cleaning her room and toys through the principle of positive reinforcement. Also through putting her out, they are applying the principle of positive punishment by trying to add something bad so that she cannot repeat the same mistake.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Operant conditioning theory could be applied in this case to correct Emma’s behaviour through application of the four main principles of operant conditioning. The parents could apply the principle of negative punishment which is to take something good away so as to decrease certain behaviour. Through application of this principle, they could cut away buying of toys to Emma so that she could be reinforced to clean the room. Also through negative reinforcement principle, which is taking something bad so as to reinforce behaviour could be applied by Emma’s parents. They could stop putting her in time any time that she cleans her room so that she can be reinforced to always clean her room and toys.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Extinction of behaviour in operant conditioning theory can be defined as the disappearance of previously learned behaviour if the behaviour is not reinforced (Hunt et al, 2008). As we have earlier said, reinforcement is the necessity for learning and in which certain behaviour grows. It is either a means to encourage or discourage certain behaviour (Olson & Hergenhahn, 2013). For instance, the Emma is conditioned to the behaviour that when she screams hard and through the toys away, her parents will collect them and clean them up for her. If the parents stopped this behaviour, Emma could not adopt this behaviour because it will lack reinforcement and slowly it will cease and become extinct. References Hunt, Elgin F. and Colander, David C. (2008). Social Science, An Introduction to the Study of Society. Olson, M. H. & Hergenhahn, B. R. (2013). An introduction to theories of learning (9th ed.). Upper Saddle; River, NJ: Pearson. Staddon, J. E. R., & Cerutti, D. T. (2003). Operant conditioning. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 115-44. Source document

What is Human Freedom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

What is Human Freedom - Essay Example "Freedom implies, therefore, the existence of an environment to be changed: obstacles to be surmounted, tools to be used. Certainly, it is freedom which reveals them as obstacles, but free choice can only interpret the meaning of their being. It is necessary that they be simply there, wholly brute, so that there may be freedom." The person who constantly tells the truth develops an environment of trust around him or herself. It is our experience that an environment of trust enables a whole range of actions and relationships that could not otherwise develop. (Pg. 58) Environment and culture are principles by which human beings can choose to guide themselves to live properly, in line with what is the good life for them. There are competing ethical systems, of course, but not all can be sound. The best ethical system is the one that most consistently and completely fulfills the purpose for which it is intended, namely, to guide human living toward success in the case of any particular person. A culture is ethically sound if it is in accord with those virtues that bear on community life, that is if it is just. "Rather than being encapsulated in a specific environment by a highly specialized adaptive evolution and being controlled by a complex pattern of genetically determined instincts, a human being is free to choose different environments and to adapt to those environments in different ways. Whereas the behavior of all other living beings follows certain patterns characteristic of all members of a given species, the behavior of human beings shows extraordinary variation. Different human groups develop particular cultures as part of the process of adapting to and shaping their environment and individual human beings use the resources of those particular cultures, for example, language, with virtually infinite variation" (Pg. 58). Freedom, as Kant recognized decisively, through morality, and cannot be understood from an objective point of view. Kant places human  freedom in a new horizon of its own beyond all objective categories and forms of intuition.

A Change in the Curriculum for Children with Moderate Disabilities Essay

A Change in the Curriculum for Children with Moderate Disabilities - Essay Example Children with moderate disabilities have certain skills, which can be enhanced through a change in the curriculum. Our present system of education has also identified a need for this revolution in the curriculum.   Therefore every individual who is directly or indirectly involved in dealing with children should contribute towards the development of the content in a syllabus. I foresee an immense amount of change in my role as a special educator with the implementation of the new curriculum. It will enlighten me about various innovative strategies of imparting education and have its own implications on my career as an educationalist. Since a child learns the basics during the first few years of education, our syllabus should emphasize a change right from the elementary school. The new curriculum will be designed to meet the challenges of future education of children considering the loopholes in the present pattern of the syllabus. The curriculum should cater to the developmental needs such as the emotional, social, physical and intellectual requirement of children. Multiage grouping is one of the concepts that may be introduced in the future. It refers to the integration of students from diverse backgrounds, abilities, interests, personalities, and ages in a single classroom. Therefore, this set up offers more opportunities for a different segment of children to interact with each other. It also teaches normal children to develop a sense of caring, understanding and accommodating nature because they interact with children having various disabilities. It also enlightens them about the kind of concerns that such ch ildren face every day and the measures to deal with it. It makes them more competent to deal with such children. The introduction of multiage grouping will eliminate the concept of a conventional graded classroom. Due to the absence of graded level education, the related labels associated with it will not be applicable. The students will progress from easier to difficult learning material based on their individual capabilities. Hence, they will continuously progress rather than being promoted yearly. There will also be flexibility in the expectations of each child due to their varied competencies. [Johnson, 1998]. In addition to multiage grouping, there will be efforts made to integrate technology into education. There is a lot of controversy about this concept of fusing technology into education however I think there will be the implementation of new and useful education technologies. This will ensure the learning of new concepts in an interesting manner. This will also help childr en in actively exploring, experimenting and learning through innovative techniques and methods. The new curriculum will stress physically exploring various concepts. There are several such activities already in place for Kindergarten children to make learning an interesting task. For instance, building with blocks, digging in sandboxes, and drawing new ideas.  Ã‚  

Our Government Should Legalized Marijuana Thesis

Our Government Should Legalized Marijuana - Thesis Example Marijuana has many health benefits. Morgan (2010, p.8) states, â€Å"Physicians and medical research professionals reported that marijuana use might have some health benefits for people with certain medical problems, such as nausea and migraines.† In diseases like Attention-Deficit Disorder or Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, marijuana plays a calming role. It helps the patients of AIDS reduce neuropathic muscle spasms, and develop their appetite and sleep. In anorexia, it helps improve the patient’s mood. Marijuana helps regulate sleeping patterns, reduces swelling and muscle spasms, and removes stress. So, when it is so helpful in these diseases, then there is no point in not making it legal. Legalizing marijuana will decrease criminal offence. Banning marijuana does not stop the addicts or even non-addicts to consume it. Prohibiting something always increases the fascination about that thing, and the consumers feel more compelled to try it, and for that they even steal, lie, and get more involved in binge drinking. Addicts would be more compelled to commit crimes like robbery and theft to finance their addiction of marijuana. This would result in an increase in crime. â€Å"Legalizing marijuana would cause the price of marijuana to fall considerably, more than just the 50% that has been incorporated into current revenue estimates†, asserts Pacula (2009, p.1). Hence, when the prices fall and marijuana is legalized, there will be less criminal offences saving taxpayers’ money. Legalizing marijuana would save the budget that is being spent on the war over trafficking marijuana into the country. Governments set aside heavy budgets to combat marijuana traffickers, and still success is not achieved, because there are black marketers out there who will bring in marijuana from the borders and sell it in the black market. When marijuana is not available legally, the black markets sell it on

Ethics of Buddhism and Islam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics of Buddhism and Islam - Essay Example Several promising signs from space were noticed after his birth; moreover, a wise man predicted that he would be triumphant. He was born in a noble family, but was not satisfied with the life he lived. He realized that not everyone lived a lavish life; therefore, he sought ways to stop human suffering. Muhammad’s birth took place in Mecca. He claimed that an angel had visited him on return from one of his trips from Mount Hira, which is where he went to meditate in private. The angel told him to spread the word of God. He was reluctant at first, but he accepted the task after the angel made occasional visits to urge Muhammad to do God’s will. His wife Khadija also encouraged him to do God’s will. Muhammad claimed he was a prophet, and that his task was to pass the message given to him by God. Muhammad urged people to do what Allah wanted them to do. Buddha, in the early days, clarified to the people that he was neither God nor a savior. He claimed that he was a m an, with no superhuman powers; he was a pathfinder. He taught people how to live in a spiritual manner, and that everything that exists goes through pain and distress. He enlightened them on the path to freedom, which was the only way of getting out of the misery brought by life and death. Individuals have to know the factors that link human actions, the causes and outcomes of the actions. He was against believing in a god because he thought the act encouraged egoism, and led to suffering. On the contrary, the Islamic religion emphasizes that humans should do what God wants them to do because he is their guide and judge. Islam emphasizes on submission to the creator; moreover, Muslims had to practice peace and unity. Muhammad Urged Muslims to love and treat each other as brothers because Islam is about brotherhood; hence, it is wrong to take another Muslims possession without permission (Fasching, DeChant and Lantigua, 2011). The lives of Buddha and Muhammad inspired their followers . Both of them lived the lives they expected from their followers. Both religions believe in eternal life. Muslims believe that humans do not sin because it is their nature; they do so because they are weak. On the contrary, everyone is answerable for their actions because they are expected to do God’s will. Those who live as expected will have eternal life in paradise and those who live sinful lives will suffer in hell. Muslims are expected to fear God, and should always repent when they sin because they will be forgiven. Islamic religion claims that God is merciful to people with honest repentance. Buddhists believe that exemplary deeds are awarded excellent results while awful deeds lead to terrible results. Buddhist religion encourages its people to be wise in their actions so that they can free themselves from bondage. Buddhists do not believe that one can live eternally without change; in addition, they do not support materialism. They believe that life is about change; individual changes in terms of behavior and people suffer because of the urge to live longer. Muslims believe that eternal life is only for those who do the will of Allah, while Buddhists believe that everlasting life is determined by the actions of an individual in their present life. Islamic religion emphasizes that humans are the most prestigious creatures in the universe. The religion also claims that some animals were created for the good of the human

Masculinity as a Prerequisite of Traditional American Heroism Essay

Masculinity as a Prerequisite of Traditional American Heroism - Essay Example Considering the traditional American view of heroism, as brought forth by the novel ‘The Big Sleep’ by Raymond Chandler and the film ‘The Maltese Falcon’ directed by John Huston, masculinity is a prerequisite. In the early way of thinking, male characters were seen to intervene on the behalf of the feminine ones (Cohen 1). This view has been portrayed in several early documented resources. Looking at Raymond Chandler’s novel, ‘The Big Sleep’, General Sternwood makes an intervention for her two daughters, Carmen and Vivian. Sternwood seeks the help of a private investigator, Philip Marlowe to intervene in an attempted blackmail against Carmen by Arthur Geiger, a bookseller (Chandler 10). He is further tasked with the responsibility of establishing about the whereabouts of Rusty Regan, Vivian’s husband who has since disappeared. The heroic characters in the entire incidence are masculine individuals. The case presents a situation whereby the feminine are not considered heroic. This presents a situation whereby the chances of having an ultimate masculine hero to be too high while their counterparts with very slim chances. The main role in the traditional setting of movies has shown a predictable pattern of masculine heroes. ‘The Maltese Falcon’, is a movie that reve als an iconic private investigator, Sam Spade dealing with three complicated individuals, all these people are working to obtain the Maltese falcon. The man is expressed as witty and capable of finding solutions. Despite losing his co-investigator, Spade gets to the length of conducting his independent investigations. Spade is systematic in his conduct and ends up unearthing several truths about the incidences surrounding the deaths of Arthur and Thursby. He successfully confronts law enforcers. The police question him concerning the murder of Archer and Thursby. These murders occur on the day when Miss Ruth Wonderly was meant to meet Thursby, while Archer had accepted to follow her in an effort to get her sister who had gone missing. The Falcon is a highly coveted treasure and attracts interests from different persons. Spade finds himself at the centre stage of all this despite the incidences surrounded by murder and suspicion. Spade was suspected by Archer’s wife to have ki lled him in order to inherit her, but he got out of the loop. Joel Cairo enticed him with $5,000 fee to find the falcon, he further pointed spade his gun as a threat so that he could look for it in the office. Spade was not cowed, he knocked Cairo down and when he was in his right mind he considered hiring Spade. His masculine power is shown when the movie shows him bringing Cairo down, this sends a message that the ultimate hero is a person with unmatched muscle power. Throughout the film, Spade appears bold, unshaken and cunning. He is a man whose heroism has been expressed by the treatment he gives to other characters and the prowess he depicts in handling every incidence. Masculine characters in the Chandler’s novel depict some higher level of accomplishment. Marlowe is a man capable of engaging in investigations reliably. He is able to track the behind the scenes pornographic activities in Geiger’s bookshop. In this scene, it appears the source of the blackmail is the involvement of Carmen in pornographic activities. This incidence shows a situation where feminine characters are used for the benefit of the masculine ones. In the bookstore, the role of a

European Law Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

European Law Paper - Essay Example Moreover, by virtue of Section 6(3) any person born in Ireland becomes an Irish citizen if that person does not have the right to citizenship elsewhere. Pursuant to Section 6(1) and (3), the Irish authorities approved an Irish passport for Catherine in September 2000. Since the UK no longer applies the doctrine of jus soli (recognition of the citizenship conferred by any of its territories), Catherine was not automatically entitled to be recognized as a national of the UK under the British Nationality Act 1981. The facts reveal that Mrs. Chen went to Ireland for the purpose of enabling Catherine (the child she was pregnant with at the time) to become a citizen of Ireland and to therefore permit her to take up residence within the UK with Catherine. The court at first instance determined that Ireland is a part of the Common Travel Area under the Immigration Acts. As such Catherine as opposed to Mrs. Chen is entitled to move around the UK and in Ireland as she chooses to. However, Mrs. Chen and Catherine did not have the right to live in the UK under UK law. The Secretary of State for the Home Department denied an application for a permit to reside in the UK to Mrs. Chen and Catherine on the grounds that Catherine who was an infant was not asserting EC Treaty rights pursuant to Regulation 5(1) of the EEA Regulations and Mrs. Chen does not have a right to live in the UK pursuant to Regulation 5(1) of the EEA. Mrs. Chen appealed this decision to the Immigration Appellate Authority. The Appellate Authority ordered a stay of the appeal until such time as a reference to the Court of Justice could be determined. The questions referred to the Court of Justice generally asked for a determination of whether or not Directive 73/148, Direction 90/364 or Article 18 of EC Treaty read together with Articles 8 and 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 13

Marketing - Essay Example FedEx provides services, however, they have logos on all the things that are used in couriering the goods from one place to another. This helps consumers identify the service and develop brand loyalty. Services also have a catchy slogan just like any other branded goods for instance American Airline’s â€Å"We know why you fly. Were American Airlines†. Just like goods, services are also advertised on TV, billboards and magazines etc. We see the advertisements of DHL everywhere. It is challenging however, as the features and the functions of the services are conveyed to the consumer just like in the promotion of goods. Branded services also have a brand personality just like a branded good. The consumers have a relationship with the brand for example banks like Abn Amro and Standard Chartered have an image in the minds of the consumers which the brands deliver to the consumer. This image and trust has been branded in the consciousness of the consumer. The aim of branding services just like that of branding goods is to build a connection with the consumers thus initiating customer loyalty. Consultancies have brands and logos to differentiate themselves from the crowd and to enable their clients to recognize them and to be loyal to their brand of service. Buyer behavior greatly varies when buying a good from buying services. Customer perception of a product serves to differentiate the product from the competition. This perception thus has to be created in a way so that the consumer thinks of the brand positively. This becomes a lot more complex in a service as every consumer has an individual interaction with the staff and thus the perceptions greatly vary. For example, Pringles will have similar experience for many consumers but the service of a consultant may be good for one but bad for the other. It is a lot more difficult and challenging to market a service as services are perishable and they cannot be stored, used later, exchanged or returned

Enrollment system Essay Example for Free

Enrollment system Essay Welcome! The following terms serve as a contract that governs your use of our family of websites, applications and services (the â€Å"Service†). BY SIGNING UP, OR ACCESSING OR USING THE SERVICE, YOU SIGNIFY THAT YOU AGREE TO THESE TERMS (AGREEMENT OR TERMS) AND TO RESOLVE ANY DISPUTE BY ARBITRATION. 1. Summary of Terms These Terms have the same force and effect as an Agreement signed in writing. If you do not agree to these Terms, you may not use the Service. Each time you access, upload, or download any content from the Service, you signify your agreement to the then-current terms. This Agreement is subject to change at any time; therefore, you are responsible to review these Terms regularly to learn about any changes. We will post an updated version of these Terms if we modify them. You understand and agree that your ongoing use of the Service after we post or provide notice of the changes to this Agreement means that you accept and confirm that the updated Terms apply to you. The laws of the State of California govern this Agreement. You agree to resolve any dispute with us as provided in the Dispute Resolution Procedures described in Sections 21 and 22 below, which include arbitration and the options you have with arbitration. We use the term You to mean the person or entity who will access or use the Service as an end user. The term Login means the combination of unique username and password that is used to access our Service. A login is a license to use a site, application or service for a period of time that is specified. Membership or Members means a single registration and/or subscription account per user of a valid username and password (login) for the service during the term of a subscription. We or us in this Agreement shall mean: its brands, affiliates, subsidiaries and operating divisions.

Case Study Example of Reflective Listening in Counselling

Case Study Example of Reflective Listening in Counselling Case: Savita is a 33 year old woman. Her marriage broke up more than 10 months ago. Prakash and Savita had been married for ten years, and had two children, Rakesh aged 6 and Rohan aged 18 months. Currently both children are with Savita. Savita came for counselling after being referred by her Family Doctor who thinks she has early signs of depression. Background Savita and Prakash met in college where they were studying BCS. After graduating they both worked in separate companies and were dating for many years before getting married. Savita continued her job after marriage until the birth of their first child Rakesh, Savita took a break and to work part time. Prakash worked full time and received a number of promotions. Savita was working part time until the birth of their second child Rohan, then she again took a break to look after both her children. She got a new job and was about to start to work when one day Prakash shocked her by informing her that he was leaving her for another woman who worked at his office. A month later Prakash moved out of their home. He has not contacted Savita or the children since then. Savita has too depressed to return to work and is now in danger of losing her job with the company. Session Details Upon Savita’s arrival, the Counsellor spent some time developing speaking to Savita to make her feel comfortable and at ease. Counsellor began the session by asking Savita whether she had any questions about the counsellor and answered them about her experience and work in counselling. Counsellor proceeded to ask Savita what had brought her to counselling. Savita kept staring at the floor and after a few seconds started crying, â€Å"My husband left me. He likes another woman; I just can’t get over it.† Counsellor responded with a paraphrase and reflection of feeling â€Å"You sound devastated by the behaviour of your husband Savita.† Savita replied â€Å"Yes I am, but it was many months ago, I should get on with my life. I don’t know why I am still so upset. My family and friends are saying that I have to move on. But I miss Prakash so much and the children cry for him every day.† Counsellor: â€Å"So, you and the children are still very sad and yet your family and close friends think that it is about time you started living again?† Savita: â€Å"Yes, maybe I am taking too long to get over him. What do you think?† Counsellor: â€Å"Let me ask you Savita. Do you think six months is long enough for your sadness about your marriage?† Savita: â€Å"No I don’t.† Counsellor: â€Å"And you’re the only one knows how you are feeling and whether you can get over your marriage with Prakash, Savita.† Savita continued her story about her life with Prakash and how she has struggled for the last ten months without Prakash. Savita described the traumatic situation and how she is has looked after the children on limited income. She also spoke about her fears and uncertainty about her own and her children’s future. Counsellor focused on Savita to encourage her to speak about her feelings and her pain. Counsellor summarized Savita’s issues and said â€Å"Savita, you’ve just described a very traumatic time in your life you must have had to make a lot of adjustments to your life during this time. You have the responsibility of two children, you have to take care of the house and manage your finances. At the same time you are facing a lot of pain with regard to your marriage. That is quite a lot that you are managing in your life right now. † Savita: â€Å"Yes, my situation is very bad. It didn’t seem so bad when Prakash was living with us.† Savita cried a lot and told the Counsellor about her childhood dream about getting married in a joint family how they show on TV and in the romantic Yash Johar family movies. She continued to cry about how she will never be able to fulfil that dream. She also spoke about her feelings of anger and blamed herself for not being able to deal with her situation and be a good parent. Through open questions, paraphrases and thoughts, Counsellor was able to help Savita her feelings of anger and also helped he understand what being a ‘good mother’ meant to her. Savita spoke about her own mother who was a stay at home full time Mom. They also spoke about different parenting lifestyles of the past and today. How the role of women has changed in the Indian society and how friends and relatives are treating Savita. Savita said that she missed her job and the satisfaction it gave her to have a career. Counsellor helped reveal Savita’s feelings and understand what Savita liked about her work and her strengths and capabilities. Savita: â€Å"I am thinking that , maybe I could talk to my organisation to get me to work part time for a while until I can get my life organised a bit better. I have a few family member and friends who might be able to help me out with the children.† Counsellor smiled at Savita and helped her make up her mind for herself and her future. Savita: â€Å"Yes, I will speak to my boss on about it.† Then, Savita’s looked more relaxed and comfortable. Counsellor asked if there was anything else she’d like to talk about today. Looking at her watch said that the children would be waiting for her. She also said that if she needed to talk she would come back. Counsellor replied that she was most welcome and wished her luck. Session Summary In the session, Savita was given the freedom to talk about her pain in a place full of empathy, genuineness and unconditional positive regard. A Case Study 1 Samantha is a 38-year-old Anglo-Indian woman who had abused a number of substances, including cocaine, heroine, alcohol, and marijuana over the past 15 years. She left high school and worked as a prostitute for 5 years. Later she found a job as a sales clerk at a home furnishings store. Samantha had two children in her early twenties, a daughter who is now 15, and a son, aged 18. Because of her substance abuse problems, they lived with other relatives who agreed to raise them. Samantha was in treatment repeatedly and had remained substance free for the last 5 years, with several minor relapses. She had been married for 2 years, to Steve, a carpenter; he was substance free and supported her attempts to stay away from substances. Few months ago she became symptomatic with AIDS. She was diagnosed with HIV-positive for 5 years but had not developed any illnesses related to the disease. Samantha had practiced safe sex with her husband who knew of her HIV status. Recently, after learning from the physician at her clinic about her HIV symptoms, she began to shoot up, which led her back into treatment. Out of fear, she came to visit a counselor at the clinic one day after work who she was asked to meet by her physician. She looked all worried about her marriage and that her husband would be devastated by this news. She was afraid she was no longer strong enough to stay away from drugs since discovering the onset of AIDS. She was also concerned about her children and her job. Uncertain of how she would keep on living, she was also terrified of dying. The counsellor engaged in reflective listening, his words were of acceptance to Samantha and her past, and he clarified her current situation and feelings. He was empathetic of her emotions and feelings and was in complete congruence with her mood and thought flow. As Samantha developed trust in the counsellor, he began to emphasize her positive characteristics and her potential to make meaningful choices to become the person she wanted to (and could) become. The counsellor also helped her develop sufficient insight so that she could make choices that reflect more closely the values and principles to which she aspired. During this time, she mentioned her will to tell her husband about her symptoms and try to strengthen her marriage. During the session, when Samantha began to feel guilty about her past as a prostitute, the counsellor demonstrated appreciation of her struggle to accept that aspect of herself, highlighting the fact that she did eventually choose to leave it. He mentioned that she did the best she could at that time and underscore her current commitment to choose a better life. He counselled Samantha, that she would be supported and accepted, not criticized. She was completely engaged with the counsellor. She expressed her fear of death and the effect this fear had on her. Samantha happened to mention that this was the first time in her life that someone was unconditionally accepting of her or focused on her strengths rather than her failings. What was noticed was that she had the ability to solve problems, which was reflected by her return to counselling and her insight about needing help. She mentioned that by being understood and accepted, her self-esteem and sense of hope begun to increase and h er shame begun to decrease. She had felt supported in making critical choices in her life and more confident to resume her recovery. A Case Study 2 Shashank was a 36 year old man who worked as an admin employee for a small family business. The business was failing and Shashank was worried that he would probably have to begin the process of â€Å"winding it up† in the near future. His commitment to the business and his friends, the business owners, had intensified the level of stress he was feeling as a result of the business collapse. He had taken a week off work on sick leave and felt too â€Å"stressed† to return to work. Revati, Shashank’s wife, had contacted the counselor because she was greatly concerned for her husband. She was worried that Shashank was depressed as he was refusing to go to work. She stated that he had agreed to attend counseling if she organized an appointment, however he did not think it would help him. Shashank attended four sessions with the counselor over a ten week period. Shashank had reported the following symptoms: decreased motivation particularly in relation to his work, unu sual outbursts of anger, anxiety whenever he thinks about his work or attends his workplace, and difficulty sleeping. He stated that these symptoms commenced when he realized that the business he was working for might begin to fold and have increased to the point that he is finding it difficult to complete his usual tasks and â€Å"doesn’t want to do anything†. At the first session, the counselor engaged in reflective listening, his words were of acceptance to Shashank and his situation, and he clarified his current situation and feelings. He was empathetic of his emotions and feelings and was in complete congruence with her mood and thought flow. As Shashank developed trust in the counselor, he began to tell the counselor a lot of facts that were lying deep within him. He told the counselor that he had worked as an admin employee in small businesses for the last twelve years. About eight years ago he was working with another business that required him to close it down . He described that experience as extremely distressful. He felt that the process had involved a loss of loyalty from organizations associated with the business and that he saw this as a â€Å"personal attack† against him. He also felt he had been exposed to people who would do everything they could to get as much as possible from a â€Å"crumbling company†. In the next session, Shashank reported that he felt he was â€Å"depressed† (using his own understanding of the term). He stated that the depression began as the retail business he was working for started deteriorating. During that time he felt betrayed by people he had trusted and he felt â€Å"conned† and tricked by many â€Å"colleagues†, and as a result, he had felt like a failure. He stated that he was now experiencing an extreme fear of having to go through the same experience again. The counselor identified the seriousness of the events that had led to his level of stress and normalized Shashank’s reaction. To manage the current level of stress that Shashank was experiencing, the counselor recommended he continue his temporary respite from work and that he had to implement some relaxation strategies like regular exercise, doing things that he enjoys and things that he finds relaxing. Shashank was very concerned about what he should do about his retu rn to work. He said that he did not feel that he could go back. The counselor suggested that he try not to think about the decision concerning his return to work until the next session which was in two weeks In the following session, Shashank reported that he felt â€Å"more relaxed†, although he continued to feel unmotivated to return to work. He described walking regularly and avoiding worrying too much about work. He also said that he had gone into work for two brief periods during the two weeks and had experienced a high level of stress and frustration when he did, although he reported some comfort from the use of the relaxation methods. The counselor used a four step decision-making model to assist Shashank to come to a decision about his work. Step One: What is the problem? Step Two: What are the options and what are the relevant issues associated with each one? Step Three: What is the best option? Step Four: What do you need to do to implement the best option (include possible contingency plans)? The counselor suggested that Shashank had to develop a written plan for managing and balancing all the aspects of his life (relaxation, enjoyment, hobbies, family relationships, and work) that would be reviewed at the next appointment. In the third session, Shashank explained that he had taken a holiday for a week with his wife and had returned â€Å"refreshed† and with new insights into his life. He also stated that his stress continued to reduce. He described a â€Å"new conviction† to balance his life more. At that point, he felt he might be able to return to the workplace full-time, or he might decide to resign from his position and move to another area to start again. He said that he realised that when he has no clear direction and feels out of control, he gets very stressed. He described these things as the triggers for the stress he has felt in this situation and similar situations in the past. He therefore decided to ensure that he always has a sense of direction and control in the whole of his life by taking the focus away from work. The counselor supported and encouraged his continued self-reflection and determination. This move is based on his decision to balance his life more and he was ex cited about his family’s plans. He had commenced playing a sport with friends one night a week and was walking regularly. He stated that he had realised it would take some time to change his measure of success / failure, however, he would continue to address it.

Is Google Making Us Stupid?, by Nicholas Carr Essay -- internet, techn

The internet is our conduit for accessing a wide variety of information. In his article, â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid,† Nicholas Carr discusses how the use of the internet affects our thought process in being unable to focus on books or longer pieces of writing. The author feels that â€Å"someone, or something, has been tinkering with [his] brain† over the past few years (Carr 731). While he was easily able to delve into books and longer articles, Carr noticed a change in his research techniques after starting to use the internet. He found that his â€Å"concentration often [started] to drift after two or three pages† and it was a struggle to go back to the text (Carr 732). His assertion is that the neural circuits in his brain have changed as a result of surfing endlessly on the internet doing research. He supports this statement by explaining how his fellow writers have had similar experiences in being unable to maintain their concentrations. In analyzing Carr’s argument, I disagree that the internet is slowly degrading our capacity for deep reading and thinking, thereby making us dumber. The Web and Google, indeed, are making us smarter by allowing us access to information through a rapid exchange of ideas and promoting the creativity and individualization of learning. With one easy click on the search button, Google grants entry to a reservoir of information for our use. Carr acknowledges that the internet â€Å"has been a godsend to [him] as a writer† because of the ease of finding information rapidly (Carr 732). Before, he would spend days searching through lengthy articles for the same material. Thus, web-browsing proves that not only is the internet useful for finding relevant information, but it is a time-saving tool. In today’s gener... ... access to it from various forms of media. Instead of demolishing our ability to read and learn, the internet aids us by giving us rapid information that would otherwise take days of research through books to attain. Therefore, the internet should not be viewed as the cause for our lack of intelligence, but rather the reason for our vast knowledge. Technology has revolutionized our learning and will continue to serve as the prime tool in our education. Works Cited Carr, Nicholas. â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid?† The Atlantic.com. July/August 2008. 15 November 2013. http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/print/200807/google Wright, Sandra, April Fugett, and France Caputa. â€Å"Using E-Readers and Internet Resources To Support Comprehension.† Journal of Educational Technology and Society 16.1 (2013): 367- 379. Academic Search Complete. Web. 15 Nov. 2013.

Star child evolution in 2001 :: essays research papers

The Evolution of the Star-Child   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Film both reflects and creates social culture. Indeed, a film indicates social trends, presents ideas, and analyzes history for its contemporary time period; thus, by viewing a film it becomes possible to infer and make judgments about a society's culture. The filmmaker's message is embedded within the plot and symbolism, and filmmakers often critique social culture through their movies. It is possible to view the evolution of culture through the progression of films over time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Religious films in the pre-1968 era distinguish themselves as literal interpretations of the Old and New Testaments. America, in this era, held religion as central to everyday life. DeMille's â€Å"King of Kings† and similar movies that follow in form support this inference. Consider the context of DeMille's 1932 movies, â€Å"Sign of the Cross.† Depression and the great dustbowl were commonplace across America. The masses embraced religion and this is evident in the literal bible story films. Additionally, the righteous people in the films represented the working class people of America, and the blasphemers represented the elite minority. They were usually powerful, corrupt, and sometimes Jewish. American culture has evolved as technology has advanced. In 1968, the paradigm of religion in film shifted with the release of Kubrick's â€Å"2001: A Space Odyssey.† Rebellion, social activism, drugs, sex and most importantly, technology, dominated social culture. Kubrick's film challenges all previous religious film movies, yet this epic movie contains powerful symbols that reflect the changes in social thought. Thus far, evolution of movies and culture has been discussed. â€Å"2001: A Space Odyssey† is interesting because Kubrick realizes this concept of cultural evolution. Thus, he created his movie to embody this concept and manifest itself in man as a physical being. The underlying theme of Kubrick's movie is evolution: the progression of monkeys to humans, humans to machines (HAL), machines to the star-child. That â€Å"2001† concedes to evolution validates science and technology, while it detracts from religion. Thus, this slow paced film indicates the inevitable evolution of all things. The star-child, spurred by the monolith, represents the destiny of humans as they evolve with technology. The monkeys loose their innocence and become corrupted when the monolith presents itself. This is because the monolith prompts the monkeys to explore ways in which odds and ends in nature may be utilized; in other words, the monkeys develop tools. The monolith is not a deity in the sense that it is a physical creator.

Multiple Personality Disorder: No Excuse for Criminal Activity :: Argumentative Essay

Kenneth Bianchi, a man who has murdered many women, now claims that he has Multiple Personality Disorder. Can we possibly decide that it is reasonable to convict an individual of a crime if that individual suffers from Multiple Personality Disorder? This psychological malady, known as Multiple Personality Disorder, or sometimes as Multiple Dissociative Identity, is a mental illness in which a person develops two or more distinct identities that control the patient’s behavior. If an aberrant personality takes over, the individual no longer has control over one’s actions. The cause of this disorder is unknown; however, 97% of the patients with this disorder have been abused during childhood. Throughout time, the issue of a person having conflicting personalities inside, like Jekyll and Hyde, has been very controversial. Some authorities believe that this disorder does not exist, and some believe that it does. In a number of cases, criminals have used Multiple Personality Disorder as a defense for their criminal deviance. Should an individual who has committed a crime be sentenced to prison when he/she has no control over oneself? In my opinion an individual who commits a crime and suffers from Multiple Personality Disorder should be held responsible for his/her actions. As punishment, this convicted person should be sent to an asylum. In many criminal cases it is hard to believe that the defendant has multiple personalities because the defendant could be trying to deceive the jury. Statistics have proven that people with Multiple Personality Disorder usually refer to other personalities as â€Å"I.† A perfect example is Kenneth Bianchi who was on trial for murder and convinced his attorney that he had multiple personalities inside. Bianchi had the jury almost convinced that Steve Walker, Bianchi’s other personality, was responsible for the murders. Bianchi’s defense showed the first sign of unraveling when he started to refer to Steve Walker as â€Å"he† instead of â€Å"I.† Dr. Marti Torne, an authority in hypnosis, tested Bianchi. According to Dr. Torne, a person suffering from Multiple Personality Disorder will house three or more personalities. Bianchi failed this hypnosis test because he only presented two personalities. After Bianchi’s testimony, Bianchi started to m ake up a new personality, named Billy. However, the jury remained suspicious, and eventually Kenneth Bianchi was found guilty. In effect, his defense, depending on a claim of Multiple Personality Disorder, was deemed unconvincing. Kenneth Bianchi almost got away with murder. Multiple Personality Disorder: No Excuse for Criminal Activity :: Argumentative Essay Kenneth Bianchi, a man who has murdered many women, now claims that he has Multiple Personality Disorder. Can we possibly decide that it is reasonable to convict an individual of a crime if that individual suffers from Multiple Personality Disorder? This psychological malady, known as Multiple Personality Disorder, or sometimes as Multiple Dissociative Identity, is a mental illness in which a person develops two or more distinct identities that control the patient’s behavior. If an aberrant personality takes over, the individual no longer has control over one’s actions. The cause of this disorder is unknown; however, 97% of the patients with this disorder have been abused during childhood. Throughout time, the issue of a person having conflicting personalities inside, like Jekyll and Hyde, has been very controversial. Some authorities believe that this disorder does not exist, and some believe that it does. In a number of cases, criminals have used Multiple Personality Disorder as a defense for their criminal deviance. Should an individual who has committed a crime be sentenced to prison when he/she has no control over oneself? In my opinion an individual who commits a crime and suffers from Multiple Personality Disorder should be held responsible for his/her actions. As punishment, this convicted person should be sent to an asylum. In many criminal cases it is hard to believe that the defendant has multiple personalities because the defendant could be trying to deceive the jury. Statistics have proven that people with Multiple Personality Disorder usually refer to other personalities as â€Å"I.† A perfect example is Kenneth Bianchi who was on trial for murder and convinced his attorney that he had multiple personalities inside. Bianchi had the jury almost convinced that Steve Walker, Bianchi’s other personality, was responsible for the murders. Bianchi’s defense showed the first sign of unraveling when he started to refer to Steve Walker as â€Å"he† instead of â€Å"I.† Dr. Marti Torne, an authority in hypnosis, tested Bianchi. According to Dr. Torne, a person suffering from Multiple Personality Disorder will house three or more personalities. Bianchi failed this hypnosis test because he only presented two personalities. After Bianchi’s testimony, Bianchi started to m ake up a new personality, named Billy. However, the jury remained suspicious, and eventually Kenneth Bianchi was found guilty. In effect, his defense, depending on a claim of Multiple Personality Disorder, was deemed unconvincing. Kenneth Bianchi almost got away with murder.

Morris Inn Written

Goring's and Rorer's- with local customers. Additionally, the strategies are put into place to increase returning customers on a regular basis. Our team is determined to improve the image of the Morris Inn and replace the dated concept that is currently associated with the Morris Inn. BACKGROUND The Morris Inn was built in 1 952 on the campus of the University of Notre Dame. Its construction was primarily funded by a generous donation from Ernest M. Morris, a 1906 alumnus of Notre Dame.In 2012 Ernestine Morris Carmichael Racial, the daughter of Ernest and Ella Morris, provided funding or the Morris Inn as a gift to the university. This renovation brought major improvements to the outdated Morris Inn, including expanding it from 92 rooms to 150 rooms, 18 of which are suites. The size of the beds improved from double and single sized beds to king and queen sized beds. In addition to the improvement in bed size, the renovation saw the introduction of the Irish tavern Rorer's and improve ments to the fine dining restaurant Goring's.Also, the new 24-hour fitness center, gift shop, and the Fireside Terrace, an outdoor extension of Rorer's that is complete with sofas, umbrellas, and fire its, are a result of this renovation. RECOMMENDATIONS Increase exposure efforts in the South Bend area, while focusing on specific target markets In order to encourage more locals to come onto Notre Dam?s campus to eat at either Goring's or Rorer's the first Step needed is to increase the exposure Of each establishment in the local community.Goring's a fine dining restaurant has a smaller target market, middle to upper class, but also faces less competition that Rorer's which faces heavy competition from other bars, particular Eddy's Street establishments. As a result the marketing program for Goring's and Rorer's will differ in that the efforts to expose Goring's must be concentrated and specified to reach small group, while Rorer's campaign can cover a broader target market. Because the target audience for Goring's will likely have a higher disposable income, marketing efforts for Goring's should be directed so that exposure towards higher income individuals will be maximized.Initially, the Morris Inn management should contact local businesses in an attempt to lure in business lunches and dinners, which historically are held at higher end establishments. Emails, calls and mail advertisements are all possible means of alerting the local business communities to the possibility using Goring's for meetings. Furthermore, the University is heavily involved in the local economy, and taking out partners, donors, clients and other business affiliates to dinners at Goring's will help to increase exposure for the restaurant in the local business community.Also, to attract higher income individuals and families, Goring's should advertise with local private schools. Schools such as SST. Joey's are likely to have on average families with higher disposable incomes, and theref ore can afford o eat at a higher end establishment such as Goring's. Sponsoring school sports teams, donations in Goring's name, and dinners at school fund raising auctions are all possible means of reaching to parents. Rorer's target market differs from Goring's in that it is a much broader group than Goring's.A much higher percentage of the local community eats at bar and restaurant combination establishments on a regular basis, but there is also a much more competitive market. As a result, marketing efforts must be altered to reach a greater number of people, but doesn't need to be as specialized. Initially Rorer's can advertise on and around Eddy's Street to attempt to attract a segment of the local population that goes there to eat. The target market for Rorer's is exactly the kind of people that eat regularly at Eddy's street establishments such as Brother's and Resource's.In addition, advertising at popular local events, such as Silver Hawks games and the farmer's market are all opportunities to reach large segments Of the local population. In such advertisements it is important to heavily market incentives, such as free valet parking with dinner, in order to encourage attention customers to leave the establishments they regularly eat at in favor of Rorer's. In addition, advertisements should be obviously tailored towards locals in order to help mitigate the apprehension that is felt by many locals in regards to coming onto campus.Produce a positive consumer experience that creates repeat customers The second step in this process is to create an atmosphere for customer's day or night out that favorably reflect the restaurants we are promoting. In an effort to provide a positive dining experience, the Morris Inn could coordinate tit sports teams, specifically basketball, hockey, and baseball (football days appear to already be successful). Packages including tickets to games as well as transportation through university golf carts to and from the hotel to various arenas could seer. E as a significant attraction for locals for fun nights out. Football weekends are flooded with visitors on campus, but filling Roses with viewers for less supported sports (but still with loyal fan bases) such as hockey and basketball could produce the consumer experience to bring customers back for more. In addition, advertising the restaurant alongside tickets and transportation with a potential discount on the whole package could peak the interest the hotel needs to attract nearby residents, especially those looking to save money on a family or couple's night out.Along with that idea is the concept of increasing ease of transportation around the Morris Inn, especially for those dining at Goring's or Rorer's. The idea already in effect of free valet parking for customers of the restaurants is a novel one and hooks those concerned with the hassle of going out for dinner or a bite to eat. Free transportation to games across campus at Compton Ice Arena an d the Joyce Center could do the same for the hotel as well as close the gap between Goring's, Rorer's, and closer locations and competition like Legends of Notre Dame.Increase Return on Investments of Social Media Strategies As a way of promoting both Rorer's and Goring's, we feel that the entire Morris Inn brand should improve their presence on social media, which is currently very minimal. Morris Inn's current presence is limited to Faceable, while neither of the two restaurants have a presence on any social media site. Social media is a prominent culture among people and restaurant-goers Of all ages, so it is crucial that both Rorer's and Goring's become present on social media. Not only is this a tremendously important aspect to the marketing of restaurants, but it is also a free method of advertising.We feel that Rorer's and Goring's should have individual pages on Twitter and Faceable, as they target very different crowds in their marketing plans. The Morris Inn should have a large presence on Twitter and Faceable and should feature links to the two restaurants' pages in order to connect all three and create a strong brand. Both restaurants could advertise specials and special events on their respective pages and could encourage people to â€Å"follow' their Twitter page and â€Å"like† their Faceable page by offering deals only available to people who do so.Although Morris Inn already has a page on Yelp, which is a website that features restaurant reviews provided by the public, we propose that they consider paid advertising on restaurant review sites like this. Aside from paid advertising, Morris Inn should provide as many photos and as much information as possible to Yelp and similar sites to strengthen their online mage that will help to draw in visitors looking for good reviews. Morris Inn should also contact local food floggers and invite them in for a free meal in exchange for an online review to be read by potential customers.There should also be an effort to monitor on line reviews to assure that the reviews are primarily positive. BASIS FOR RECOMMENDATIONS As a team, we feel that these recommendations will increase the Morris Inn's profits by creating a stronger business model. The Morris Inn has undergone major renovations, and with such renovations it is important to improve the marketing plan as well. By Meaning the original marketing plan of the Morris Inn, we feel we will be able to target a larger audience that will be more suitable for the customer base that the improved restaurants at the Morris Inn require.Rorer's and Goring's require two distinct marketing plans to bring in a customized client base for each setting. Our solutions will draw the attention of each client base and therefore improve business for both restaurants. We are confident that our solutions will attract sufficient attention, while also remaining in a price range that is suitable for a struggling business. We have found convenient mark eting availability in the South Bend area and have spoken to local residents who agree that our plan will target the appropriate client niche and improve business for Goring's and Rorer's.There is room for further development as the restaurants' business improves including a social media plan that will gain popularity as customers increase. NEXT STEPS We are now confident that with our suggestions The Morris Inn will have the resources to move forward and further implement the new marketing strategies. There are a few steps we feel that can be taken immediately to main exposure in the area. The first of these steps is primarily focused on personal contacts with potential clients.We have found in our research that it would be best to either purchase pre-composed emailed lists of the area or use your current records to send out an email to all clients inviting them to dine at your new restaurants. It will also be important to make calls to frequent visitors of the university and emplo yees of the university, particularly in the development center, who will contribute to the local atmosphere that you are trying to achieve. While it may not be the most enticing marketing plan, reaching out personally to clients will get them in the door and allow your team to explain the improvements of the Inn.There is no better way to sell something than with face-to-face contact. The second step that your team should immediately implement involves reaching out to local vendors for advertising within their companies. The Silverware's will be starting their season shortly as the weather improves and it will be important to have advertisements ready for them. We have reached out to Nick Brown, the Vice President of the Silverware's, and he is willing to it down with your team and discuss specific advertising availabilities based on how much money your team is willing to allocate.The Morris Performing Arts Center Will be hosting guests like Aziza ANSI and Tyler Perry who will bring in large business and it will be important to have advertisements prepped for those events. Finally, we have spoken to SST.

Hemingway’s Writing Style Essay

From almost the beginning of his writing career, Hemingway’s distinctive style occasioned a great deal of comment and controversy. Basically, his style is simple, direct, and unadorned, probably as a result of his early newspaper training. He avoids the adjective whenever possible, but because he is a master at transmitting emotion without the flowery prose of his Victorian novelist predecessors, the effect is far more telling. In Observations on the Style of Ernest Hemingway, from â€Å"Contexts of Criticism† by Harry Levin (Harvard University Press, 1957), the critic says: â€Å"Hemingway puts his emphasis on nouns because, among other parts of speech, they come closest to things. Stringing them along by means of conjunctions, he approximates the actual flow of experience.† Hemingway has often been described as a master of dialog, and most readers agree, upon being first introduced to his writing, that â€Å"this is the way these characters would really talk.† It is interesting to note, however, that Hemingway’s one attempt at playwriting was a failure. Actually, a close examination of his dialog will reveal that this is rarely the way people really speak. The effect is accomplished, rather, by the calculated emphasis and repetition which makes us remember what has been said. Since the critics cannot entirely agree on Hemingway’s style, perhaps the best way is to put it into the author’s own words. Shortly before his tragic death, Hemingway gave to the Wisdom Foundation in California a collection of his observations on life and art, love and death. They were published in the January 1963, issue of Playboy magazine, and in them Hemingway said of his writing: I do most of my work in my head. I never begin to write until my ideas are in order. Frequently I recite passages of dialogue as it is being written; the ear is a good censor. I never set down a sentence on paper until I have it so expressed that it will be clear to anyone. Yet, I sometimes think that my style is suggestive rather than direct. The reader must often use his imagination or lose the most subtle part of my thoughts. I take great pains with my work, pruning and revising with a tireless hand. I have the welfare of my creations very much at heart. I cut them with infinite care, and burnish them until they become brilliants. What many another writer would be content to leave in massive proportions, I polish into a tiny gem. Hemingway goes on at some length, but the essence of what he says may be in this paragraph: A writer’s style should be direct and personal, his imagery rich and earthy, and his words simple and vigorous. The greatest writers have the gift of brilliant brevity, are hard workers, diligent scholars and competent stylists. To explain Hemingway’s style adequately in a few paragraphs is impossible. Scores of articles, and even some books, have been written on the subject, and it is to these that the serious student should go for additional, more detailed information.

Methods of Performance Appraisal

Q1 . Distinguish between ‘Performance Appraisal’ and the†potentialAppraisal’. Also discuss, in bief, the methods of performance appraisal. Ans. A performance appraisal system judges the performance of an employee over a given period of time. It is an indication of how he has performed in the PAST, but may necessarily not be an indication of his performance in the future. Depending on his past performance, a person is rewarded suitable with an appropriate cash incentive or bonus. A potential appraisal system is done to judge the capability of the person for a future role, meaning you are trying to assess a person to see whether he has the necessary skills, aptitude, attitude and competency for an increased level of responsibility and accountability or a leadership role. It can be enhanced with giving him specific T & D, or assigning him a mentor. You are trying to judge his FUTURE performance based on the potential appraisal. Methods of Performance Appraisal The performance appraisal methods may be classified into three categories, as shown in Figure below. [pic] Individual Evaluation Methods Under the individual evaluation methods of merit rating, employees are evaluated one at a time without comparing them with other employees in the organization. 1. Confidential report: It is mostly used in government organizations. It is a descriptive report prepared, generally at the end of every year, by the employee’s immediate superior. The report highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the subordinate. The report is not data based. The impressions of the superior about the subordinate are merely recorded there. It does not offer any feedback to the appraisee. The appraisee is not very sure about why his ratings have fallen despite his best efforts, why others are rated high when compared to him, how to rectify his mistakes, if any; on what basis he is going to be evaluated next year, etc. Since the report is generally not made public and hence no feedback is available, the subjective nalysis of the superior is likely to be hotly contested. In recent years, due to pressure from courts and trade unions, the details of a negative confidential report are given to the appraisee. 2. Essay evaluation: Under this method, the rater is asked to express the strong as well as weak points of the employee’s behavior. This technique is normally used with a combination of the graphic rating scale because the rater can elaborately present the scale by substantiating an explanation for his ra ting. While preparing the essay on the employee, the rater considers the following factors: (i) Job knowledge and potential of the employee; (ii) Employee’s understanding of the company’s programmes, policies, objectives, etc. ; (iii) The employee’s relations with co-workers and superiors; (iv) The employee’s general planning, organizing and controlling ability; (v) The attitudes and perceptions of the employee, in general. 3. Critical incident technique: Under this method, the manager prepares lists of statements of very effective and ineffective behavior of an employee. These critical incidents or events represent the outstanding or poor behavior of employees on the job. The manager maintains logs on each employee, whereby he periodically records critical incidents of the workers behavior. At the end of the rating period, these recorded critical incidents are used in the evaluation of the workers’ performance. 4. Checklists and weighted checklists: Another simple type of individual evaluation method is the checklist. A checklist represents, in its simplest form, a set of objectives or descriptive statements about the employee and his behavior. If the rater believes strongly that the employee possesses a particular listed trait, he checks the item; otherwise, he leaves the item blank. A more recent variation of the checklist method is the weighted list. Under this, the value of each question may be weighted equally or certain questions may be weighted more heavily than others. The following are some of the sample questions in the checklist. †¢ Is the employee really interested in the task assigned? Yes/No †¢ Is he respected by his colleagues (co-workers)Yes/No †¢ Does he give respect to his superiors? Yes/No †¢ Does he follow instructions properly? Yes/No †¢ Does he make mistakes frequently? Yes/No A rating score from the checklist helps the manager in evaluation of the performance of the employee. The checklist method has a serious limitation. (e)Graphic rating scale: Perhaps the most commonly used method of performance evaluation is the graphic rating scale. Of course, it is also one of the oldest methods of evaluation in use. Under this method, a printed form, as shown below, is used to evaluate the performance of an employee. A variety of traits may be used in these types of rating devices, the most common being the quantity and quality of work. The rating scales can also be adapted by including traits that the company considers important for effectiveness on the job. A model of a graphic rating scale is given below. Table: Typical Graphic Rating Scale Employee Name†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Job title †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Department †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Rate †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Data †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Quantity of work: Volume of work under normal |Unsatisfactory |Fair |Satisfactory |Good |Outstanding | |working conditions | | | | | | |Quality of work: Neatness, thoroughness and |   |   |   |   |   | |accuracy of work Knowledge of job | | | | | | |A clear understanding of the factors connected |   |   |   |   |   | |with the job | | | | | | | Attitude: Exhibits enthusiasm and |   |   |   |   |   | |cooperativeness on the job | | | | | | |Dependability: Conscientious, thorough, |   |   |   |   |   | |reliable, accurate, with respect to attendance, | | | | | | |reliefs, lunch breaks, etc. | | | | | | |Cooperation: Willingness and ability to work |   |   |   |   |   | |with others to produce desired goals. | | | | | | From the graphic rating scales, excerpts can be obtained about the performance standards of employees. For instance, if the employee has serious gaps in technical-professional knowledge (knows only rudimentary phases of job); lacks the knowledge to bring about an increase in productivity; is reluctant to make decisions on his own (on even when he makes decisions they are unreliable and substandard); declines to accept responsibility; fails to plan ahead effectively; wastes and misuses resources; etc. , then it can safely be inferred that the standards of the performance of the employee are dismal and disappointing. The rating scale is the most common method of evaluation of an employee’s performance today. One positive point in favor of the rating scale is that it is easy to understand, easy to use and permits a statistical tabulation of scores of employees. When ratings are objective in nature they can be effectively used as evaluators. The graphic rating scale may however suffer from a long standing disadvantage, i. e. , it may be arbitrary and the rating may be subjective. Another pitfall is that each characteristic is equally important in evaluation of the employee’s performance and so on. (f)Behaviorally anchored rating scales: Also known as the behavioral expectations scale, this method represents the latest innovation in performance appraisal. It is a combination of the rating scale and critical incident techniques of employee performance evaluation. The critical incidents serve as anchor statements on a scale and the rating form usually contains six to eight specifically defined performance dimensions. The following chart represents an example of a sales trainee’s competence and a behaviorally anchored rating scale. Table: An Example of Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (BARS) |Performance |Points |Behavior | |Extremely good |7 |Can expect trainee to make valuable suggestions for increased sales and to have | | | |positive relationships with customers all over the country. |Good |6 |Can expect to initiate creative ideas for improved sales. | |Above average |5 |Can expect to keep in touch with the customers throughout the year. | |Average |4 |Can manage, with difficulty, to deliver the goods in time. | |Below average |3 |Can expect to unload the trucks when asked by the supervisor. | |Poor |2 |Can expect to inform only a part of the customers. | |Extremely poor |1 |Can expect to take extended coffee breaks and roam around purposelessly. | How to construct BARS? Developing a BARS follows a general format which combines techniques employed in the critical incident method and weighted checklist ratings scales. Emphasis is pinpointed on pooling the thinking of people who will use the scales as both evaluators and evaluees. Step 1: Collect critical incidents: People with knowledge of the job to be probed, such as job holders and supervisors, describe specific examples of effective and ineffective behavior related to job performance. Step 2: Identify performance dimensions: The people assigned the task of developing the instrument cluster the incidents into a small set of key performance dimensions. Generally between five and ten dimensions account for most of the performance. Examples of performance dimensions include technical competence, relationships with customers, handling of paper work and meeting day-to-day deadlines. While developing varying levels of performance for each dimension (anchors), specific examples of behavior should be used, which could later be scaled in terms of good, average or below average performance. Step 3: Reclassification of incidents: Another group of participants who are knowledgeable about the job is instructed to retranslate or reclassify the critical incidents generated (in Step II) previously. They are given the definition of job dimension and told to assign each critical incident to the dimension that it best describes. At this stage, incidents for which there is not 75 per cent agreement are discarded as being too subjective. Step 4: Assigning scale values to the incidents: Each incident is then rated on a one-to-seven or one-to-nine scale with respect of how well it represents performance on the appropriate dimension. A rating of one represents ineffective performance; the top scale value indicates very effective performance. The second group of participants usually assigns the scale values. Means and standard deviations are then calculated for the scale values assigned to each incident. Typically incidents that have standard deviations of 1. 50 or less (on a 7-point scale) are retained. Step 5: Producing the final instrument: About six or seven incidents for each performance dimension – all having met both the retranslating and standard deviation criteria – will be used as behavioral anchors. The final BARS instrument consists of a series of vertical scales (one for each dimension) anchored (or measured) by the final incidents. Each incident is positioned on the scale according to its mean value. Because the above process typically requires considerable employee participation, its acceptance by both supervisors and their subordinates may be greater. Proponents of BARS also claim that such a system differentiates among behavior, performance and results and consequently is able to provide a basis for setting developmental goals for the employee. Because it is job-specific and identifies observable and measurable behavior, it is a more reliable and valid method for performance appraisal. (g)Forced choice method: This method was developed to eliminate bias and the preponderance of high ratings that might occur in some organizations. The primary purpose of the forced choice method is to correct the tendency of a rater to give consistently high or low ratings to all the employees. This method makes use of several sets of pair phrases, two of which may be positive and two negative and the rater is asked to indicate which of the four phrases is the most and least descriptive of a particular worker. Actually, the statement items are grounded in such a way that the rater cannot easily judge which statements apply to the most effective employee. The following box is a classic illustration of the forced choice items in organizations. Table: Forced Choice Items 1. LeastMost ADoes not anticipate difficultiesA BGrasps explanations easily and quicklyB CDoes not waste timeC DVery easy to talk toD 2. LeastMost ACan be a leaderA BWastes time on unproductive thingsB CAt all times, cool and calmC DSmart workerD The favorable qualities earn a plus credit and the unfavorable ones earn the reverse. The worker gets over plus when the positive factors override the negative ones or when one of the negative phrases is checked as being insignificantly rated. They overall objectivity is increased by using this method in evaluation of employee’s performance, because the rater does not know how high or low he is evaluating the individual as he has no access to the scoring key. This method, however, has a strong limitation. In the preparation of sets of phrases trained technicians are needed and as such the method becomes very expensive. Further, managers may feel frustrated rating the employees ‘in the dark’. Finally, the results of the forced choice method may not be useful for training employees because the rater himself does not know how he is evaluating the worker. In spite of these limitations, the forced choice techniques is quite popular. h)Management by Objectives (MBO): MBO represents a modern method of evaluating the performance of personnel. Thoughtful managers have become increasingly aware that the traditional performance evaluation systems are characterized by somewhat antagonistic judgments on the part of the rater. There is a growing feeling nowadays that it is better to make the superior work with subordinates in fixing goals. This would inevitably enable subordinates to exercise self-control over their performance behaviors. The concept of management by objectives is actually the outcome of the pioneering works of Drucker, McGregor and Odiorne in management science. Management by objectives can be described as â€Å"a process whereby the superior and subordinate managers of an organization jointly identify its common goals, define each individuals’ major areas of responsibility in terms of results expected of him and use these measures as guides for operating the unit and assessing the contributions of each of its members†. MBO thus represents more than an evaluation programme and process. Practicing management scientists and pedagogues view it as a philosophy of managerial practice; it is a method by which managers and subordinates plan, organize, control, communicate and debate. Features ? MBO emphasizes participatively set goals that are tangible, verifiable and measurable. MBO focuses attention on what must be accomplished (goals) rather than how it is to be accomplished (methods). ? MBO, by concentrating on key result areas translates the abstract philosophy of management into concrete phraseology. The technique can be put to general use (non-specialist technique). Further it is â€Å"a dynamic system which seeks to integrate the company’s need to clarify and achieve its profit and growth targets with the manager’s need to contribute and develop himself†. ? MBO is a systematic and rational technique that allows management to attain maximum results from available resources by focusing on achievable goals. It allows the subordinate plenty of room to make creative decisions on his own.

Bleak House Imagery of Bleakness

The Imagery of Bleakness and Disease in Charles Dickens’s â€Å"Bleak House† Having been referred to as one of Dickens’s best novel, â€Å"Bleak House† is a novel which stands out, not only through its narrative technique, but also through the complex imagery the author conveys, managing somehow to relate this imagery to the real world, namely the XIXth century England. Thus, in spite of some instances of humorous, ironical scenes and a few comic characters, the novel reveals the sordidness and disease which seemed to prevail in England during those times. From the opening sentence of the novel, the Court of Chancery is introduced, being associated with the symbols of fog and mud: â€Å"Never can there come a fog too thick, never can there come mud and mire too deep,†¦ holds, this day† The word â€Å"fog† appears thirteen times in one paragraph, and many times throughout the novel, the author conveying thus a bleak imagery, symbolic for the English society of the XIXth century. Making use of a special narrative technique, Dickens chooses to have his story told by two different narrators, an omniscient third-person narrator and a first-person narrator, Esther Summerson, who is presenting her life from her own viewpoint. Unlike the generalizing, highly rhetorical voice which opens the novel, Esther’s voice begins hesitatingly, almost self-deprecating herself. This manner of presenting her story is highly relevant as it is seen as a result of her life as an orphan in the sordid house of a cruel, merciless aunt. Thus, regarding the imagery of bleakness, Esther can be deemed to have passed through a series of symbolic â€Å"bleak houses† before she reaches the real Bleak House, which proves to be the least bleak of all. Consequently, it can be considered that the names of the two houses – â€Å"Bleak House†, is nothing more than Dickens’s irony which becomes obvious only in the end of the novel. With regard to Esther’s evolution throughout the novel, the first and apparently worse bleak house is that of her childhood, where she is raised by her cruel aunt who tells her that â€Å"It would have been better †¦ hat you had never been born†. The little girl is taught to make use of submission, self-denial and diligent work so as to compensate for her guilt of having been born. Another bleak house situated in Esther’s long evolutionary path is the house of Mrs Jellyby, an apparently philanthropic woman who is more preoccupied with Africa than w ith her own numerous family. This was meant as a metaphor of imperial England, which was so much engaged around the world in those times, that it became out of touch with the problems it had at home. The imagery of bleakness is here complex, revealing a dirty, unkept for house, with children running all around it, without having anyone to care for them. The imagery of bleakness and disease is also evident in the description of Krook’s rooming house, an emblem of waste and neglect. Krook is described as a ragged man who keeps documents, â€Å"the detritus of legal London†(Davis,42) in his bottle shop, while his apartments are the home for the victims of Chancery, little Miss Flite and the ill law writer Nemo, two characters who represent two powerful instances of the imagery of disease. What is interesting is the way Dickens chooses to relate the bleakness of these houses to the law and the system of injustice, which serves itself, but ignores the effects its actions have upon humans. But even the law is perceived inside a bleak house, namely Tulkinghorn’s house in Lincoln’s Inn Fields, which is described as having been â€Å"let off in sets of chambers; and in those shrunken fragments of its greatness, lawyers lie like maggots in nuts†¦ Here among his many boxes labelled with transcendent names, lives Mr. Tulkinghorn. Everything that can have a lock has got one; no key is visible. † As far as the disease metaphor si concerned, this seems to be very complex in Jo, the illiterate sweeper, who is seen most of the time starving and begging. Given the society with no public education, Jo is allowed to know nothing, he is neglected by the system itself, being somehow forced to move on, regardless of his deprivations. The most seemingly bizarre expression of the disease metaphor is found in the figure of Krook, the illiterate rag and bottle merchant who seems to be the underworld equivalent of the Lord Chancellor. Just like him, Krook collects legal documents but he is not able to understand their content, and so they cannot help justice. As a warning for the established legal system stands the episode of Krook’s improbable death by spontaneous combustion, which is symbolic for legal England ending in fire, as â€Å"When the law becomes totally absorbed with itself and its own procedures, it is bound to destroy itself†, according to Dickens. In the light of the above-mentioned evidence, it can be said that the imagery of bleakness and disease in the lives of his characters is used by Charles Dickens so as to reveal the bleakness of England itself and how a sick system caused many injustices and perils for the poor, while the rich had a life of luxury and abundance. Works cited Primary sources: Dickens, Charles, Bleak House, Collins, London and Glasgow, 1953 Secondary sources: 2. Davis, Paul, Charles Dickens A Literary Reference to his Life and Work, Infobase Publishing, 1999, pp 41-45 3. Aubrey, Brian, Novels for Students, Gale Publishing, pp 84-86

Sainsbury Plc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sainsbury Plc - Essay Example The ratio signifies that in the first year the firm has used around 58 % long term borrowing. However, it was reduced in the next year because the equity portion increased to a higher level. It is evident from the Table 1 that all components of equity portion have increased substantially in the year 2008.Factoring is a method of short term financing whereby a firm sells its trade debts at a discount to a financial institution (Lajoux 2004). It is a continuous arrangement between a financial institution (namely the factor) and a company (namely the client) which sells goods and services to trade customers on credit. As per this arrangement, the factor purchases the client's trade debts including account receivables either with or without recourse to the client, and thus, exercise control over the credit extended to the customers and administers the sales ledger of hi client. The client is immediately paid a sizeable portion of the trade debts taken over and when the trade customers re pay their dues, the factor will make the remaining payment. To put in simple language, a factor is an agent who collects the dues of hi client for a certain fee. Factoring offers a number of benefits to a client. In many cases factoring is found to be a more appropriate mode of financing than banks. Some of the benefits are briefed below: The first and foremost service offered by a factor to its client is that it offers an off balance sheet financing arrangement. By collecting receivables of the clients, factor provides them with a means of finance without bothering about the procedures and troubles of usual financing arrangement. Factoring allows firms to manage the cash flow more efficiently. It does not need to wait for the realization of debtors/receivable to find cash flows to pay off various obligations and cash needs. Therefore, cash position/working capital position can be made sound and stern. The efforts of collection of receivables can be canalized to some other areas and thereby organization's efficiency can be improved. In the absence of factoring arrangement, the risk of non-payment should have been borne by the client itself. Thus, factoring is also a kind of insurance whereby the risk of loss or non payment by debtors will be shared with factor(s) Apart from being a financier, a factor provides the client with the management and maintaining ledger of debtors A number of consultancy services such as assessing he credit worthiness of client's customers, ascertain their track record are also offered by factor. In addition to the direct benefits from a factor, the clients are benefited many other indirect trade benefits such as increased working capital position; liquidity; bargaining power and trustworthiness among customers and public at large. 3. Control of working capital has always been thought to be the most important factor in the short-term financial management of companies. In what sense your

The Ideas of the Preamble Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Ideas of the Preamble - Essay Example The framers had a problem with the assignment of all the powers to one person or branch. They never wanted the happenings of Great Britain to befall them. They needed all the people under the United States to be united into one big nation, hence promoting overall loyalty (Bomboy 135). Establishing Justice Justice to Bomboy (136) entails treating all people equally and with the respect that they deserve. Each individual’s human rights should be clearly spelt out and respected accordingly. In the articles this issue was not well spelt out and many individuals found themselves being treated with bias as compared to others. In a just society, it does not matter where you come from, what you do or your race as all individuals should be treated with equal measure. The article seemed to allow racial segregation in some way, a practice that is full of injustice. The United States’ comprise of people drawn from many races, thus, without clearly condemning racism, the society wou ld be full of injustice (Bomboy 137). This was the reason why the framers saw the need to stress the importance of justice in a society. Insuring Domestic Tranquility Tranquil means calm while domestic refers to home. By stating that the US people need domestic tranquility, it meant that they desired calmness from within the nation (Bomboy 138). Before passing the constitution, the United States had no domestic tranquility. In particular, during the Shay’s Rebellion the congress was driven out of Philadelphia city by the army of its own. This could have been the result of people’s dissatisfaction on how the state was being ruled. The activities taking place during the time depended purely on the congress’ decision. The decisions of the congress were absolute and the people were not given a chance to contribute to the issues of governance. Bomboy (138) asserts this was the reason why the framers started the preamble by saying that, â€Å"We the people†¦Ã¢â‚ ¬  meaning they desired their government to be ruled by the people. Provide For the Common Defense This ideal sought to put emphasis on having united defense rather than divided one. The framers saw it good to have a single defense protecting all the United States instead of each single state setting up its own defense (Bomboy 140). They thought that having a common defense would promote the overall unity among the United States as compared to leaving each state with the responsibility of protecting its own territory. The articles which the US used to govern its people before the adoption of the constitution did not emphasize the importance of having a common defense. They left each state with this responsibility exposing the states to numerous conflicts as they struggled to protect their territories (Bomboy 140). Having a common defense will hold all the United States answerable to one government, consequently reducing conflicts since all territorial issues will be handled by a si ngle party. Promote the general welfare Bomboy (143) defines welfare as the general well being of the people especially in aspects like: happiness, prosperity and fortune. It entails people having social, health, economic and psychological good. The general good as stated in the constitution preamble, refers to the promotion of people’s general well being by the government. This can be done through the provision of good infrastructural facilities, quality education, making healthcare

Electronic Commerce Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Electronic Commerce - Research Paper Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the dawn of the World Wide Web has led to many innovations; one of them is on the new ways of transacting business. Electronic commerce has enabled an easy and efficient platform for the transaction of business among various stakeholders using the internet. The ubiquitous nature of electronic commerce allows companies and consumers the ability to transact anywhere and anytime. Electronic commerce can be seen to have rewritten the traditional mode of transacting, which is the business to business model and ushered in an era where multiple parties can transact without having to physically engage with each other. This paper will explore the cost and benefits to firms and consumers, together with job creation brought by this form of medium. The paper will also highlight challenges in infrastructure, privacy concern, and legal framework that electronic commerce faces. Businesses main objective is to grow in size and increase profit margins. O ne of the ways electronic commerce has assisted businesses to achieve this is by allowing them to save on costs by linking them directly with their customers thereby eliminating the need for intermediaries. The net effect of this cost-saving measure is the improved bottom line that companies will be enjoying. Businesses may choose to reduce prices for shoppers who employ this medium in order to attract more consumers consequently growing their revenue. Electronic commerce also enables businesses to move into the cyber world by establishing cyber stores which are cheaper to establish than physical shops.